I haven't read the replies, but did look at your photos. I love the blue jacket. What's missing? I would add a top under, like you say peeking out, or something edgier, brighter, or dressed down like a denim shirt, but that's me. Maybe there is something in the pile of rejects that might work??
I think the main question is - what was in the outfits you did like? Was it a different color combination? adding a certain accessory? mixing prints? monotones? textures? the layering system you chose?
I've discovered I am exceedingly happy this winter putting together a top, rather plain usually, with a topper, rather warm usually, a scarf or necklace for "pop", and neutral dress slacks. Sometimes there is a bit of mismatch in the combinations, but it doesn't seem to matter. I am kind of "uniforming" it, but each day I feel comfortable and "me."
Example outfits: black herringbone slacks, black with white dots chiffon tunic blouse with cami under, royal purple boiled wool zip cardigan, black/white/purple/turquoise/green/pink print silk scarf.
Gray slacks, dark purple long sleeve tshirt, black corduroy military style blazer, purplish burgundy and forest green plaid fringed scarf.
Black slacks, dark peacock blue shell sweater, citron boyfriend-shape cardigan, blue/citron/black/gold/greens infinity scarf.
I've analyzed what elements are making these so satisfactory and what I come up with are low contrast, darker tones, layers of color nevertheless, comfort factor but polished due to topper layer, using my favorite pieces and being non-super-matchy.
So if you can analyze what you like about your successful outfits and repeat, maybe you will find a key to making your outfits.