I agree with Maya, it's the specific hue AND combination that's most likely to bring to mind certain things. I don't think any holiday, country or brand can really "own" a colour combination so completely.
I know lots of people who are scared of pairing red and green, because of the Christmas thing. I wouldn't wear pure red and green for that reason, but love "red-like" colours with "green-like" ones. Forest green with pale rose, fuchsia with sage- I really like both of those.
Another example is the red/white/blue combo, and the association that most people make with the States (I think of the Union Jack!). But white, deep crimson and pale blue is a gorgeous combination, and doesn't seem "flag-like" at all.
Having said that, I tend to prefer monochromatic outfits on myself, so probably wouldn't wear many of these combos! I do like thinking about them for home decor, graphic design, etc.